Monday, November 16, 2009

Satu Hari Sesudah Gempa Sumbar

Setelah gempa bumi berkekuatan 7.6 RS Sumatra Barat pada tanggal 30 September, Badan Nasional Pengelola Bencana (BNPB) melaporkan bahwa 220 meninggal (144 di Kota Padang; 62 di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman ; 14 di Kota Pariaman), dan beratus ratus orang terluka telah dirawat dirumahsakit; jumlah tersebut tampaknya masih akan bertambah.

Dilaporkan juga bahwa ratusan orang terperangkap dibawah gedung gedung yang runtuh. Dalam laporan awal telah terindikasi paling tidak 500 bangunan telah ambruk. Beribu ribu orang telah kehilangan tempat tinggal. Padang dan Pariaman merupakan tempat tempat terparah akibat gempa. Belum terdapat informasi tentang situasi di Mentawai, sementara diberitakan bahwa dampak gempa di kepulauan tersebut cukup terasa.

Pada tanggal 1 Oktober sebuah gempa bumi berkekuatan 7.0 RS telah terjadi di Provinsi Jambi pada kedalaman 10 km. Berdasarkan pernyataan dari Dinas Sosial, puluhan rumah rusak di 15 desa yang terkena gempa. Namun demikian belum terdapat laporan yang lebih rinci tentang gempa tersebut.

BMKG mengeluarkan peringatan tentang kemungkinan akan terjadinya gelombang pasang antara dua dan tiga meter disekitar pantai barat Sumatra. Di Padang, beratus ratus rumah dan gedung-gedung yang telah ambruk dan kebakaran telah membuat warga terperangkap didalamnya.

Pemadam kebakaran sedang berjuang keras menangani api yang sedang membakar pasar dan rumah rumah penduduk. Beratus ratus orang terperangkap di hotel hotel: Ambacang and Bumi Minang, dan puluhan siswa juga terperangkap di reruntuhan sekolahnya. Aktifitas aktivitas rutin sehari hari terhenti; aktifitas aktifitas sekolah diliburkan; kegiatan kegiatan ekonomi pun ikut terpuruk; beberapa orang melaporkan bahwa mereka kesulitan untuk mendapatkan makanan. Kebanyakan pom bensin masih buka namun dengan antrian kenderaan yang begitu panjan.

Telekomunikasi, aliran listrik dan pengadaan air bersih mati total. Beberapa jalan dari daerah daerah sekitar terputus karena jalan yang hancur, jembatan yang ambruk , tanah lonsor yang menghabat distribusi bantuan.

Jalan ke pelabuhan Teluk Bayur terputus, tetapi pelabuhan berfungsing dengan baik. Minangkabau International Airport dan Tabing Airport sekarang sudah berfungsi baik kembali.

Masyarakat korban gempa terpaksa tinggal diluar rumah. dan mulai mengungsi ke tenda tenda umum. Upaya upaya SAR menghadapi tantangan karena hujan dan terbatasnya alat alat berat untuk memindahkan reruntuhan.

Di Bukittinggi, dilaporkan telah terjadi tanah longsor di beberapa area. Lonsoran telah menutup jalan di kecamatan Sicincin. Lalulintas telah dialihkan ke Maninjau yang dua kali lebih jauh dari pada jarak perjalanan normal. Akses jalan darat dari Bukittinggi, Medan dan Bengkulu terputus.

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Gempa 7,6 SR Mengguncang Sumbar

Pada tanggal 30 September 2009 tepatnya jam 17:16, sebuah gempa bumi berkekuatan 7.6 SR pada kedalaman 71km, telah mengguncang pantai barat Sumatra. Sebuah gempa susulan dengan kekuatan 6.2 RS terjadi pada jam 17:38. BMKG telah memperingatkan masyarakat segera setelah gempa terjadi dan meminta masyarakat tetap berada diluar bangunan.

Sebuah peringatan sunami juga telah dikeluarkan namun kemudian ditarik kembali beberapa saat kemudian. Jaringan telekomunikasi dan aliran listrik rusak sehingga menggannggu layanan telekomunikasi dan listrik.

Belum ada informasi yang jelas mengenai tingkat kerusakan atau jumlah korban, terluka, serta fasilitas yang rusah; namun demikian beberapa media melalporkan ratusan rumah rusak dan terjadi kebakaran sebagai akibat dari gempa.

Beberapa saksi mata melaporkan tentang robohnya jembatan jembatan dan pipa pipa air. Dilaporkan juga terdapat luapan air dibeberapa lokasi.

BNPB menerima laporan bahwa terdapat kerusakan fasilitas fasilitas Bandar Udara Padang dan untuk sementara waktu bandara ditutup. Akses jalan darat sumatra barat ke Bengkulu terputus.

Berdasarkan laporan dibeberapa daerah yang terkena, sebuah rumah sakit di pusat kota Padang, Universitas Andalas, and beratus ratus rumah dilaporkan rusak, dan kebakaran telah menyulut pasar dan beberapa rumah.

Penduduk yang ketakutan di Padang, Pekanbaru and Mentawai bergerak ke tempat tempat yang lebih tinggi. Terdapat beberapa laporan bahwa jalan jalan di jambi juga rusak. Belum terdapat laporan kerusakan dari kepulauan Mentawai.

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Tuesday, November 10, 2009

Kingdom Pagarruyung

History of West Sumatra province to become more open since the reign of Adityawarman. King was pretty much left an inscription about him, although he never told himself King Minangkabau. Adityawarman was ever ruled on Pagarruyung, a country which is believed to citizens as the center of Minangkabau kingdom.

Adityawarman is an important figure in Minangkabau history. In addition to introducing the system of government in the form of the kingdom, he also brought a great contribution to the nature of Minangkabau. Significant contribution was the spread of the religion of Buddha. This religion had a strong influence in the Minangkabau. Evidenced by the name of several villages in West Sumatra today that smelled of Culture or Java as Saruaso, Pariangan, Padang Barhalo, Temple, Biaro, Sumpur, and Selo.

History of West Sumatra after the death Adityawarman until the mid-17th century look increasingly complex. At this time the West Sumatra relationship with the outside world, especially in Aceh more intensive. West Sumatra at that time in the political dominance of Aceh who also monopolize the economic activities in this area. Along with the more intense the relationship, a new starting value is inserted into West Sumatra. The new values eventually become a fundamentalist who was so strong underlying socio-cultural life of the people of West Sumatra. The new value is the religion of Islam.

Sheikh Burhanuddin regarded as the first propagator of Islam in West Sumatra. Before the development of Islam in West Sumatra, this scholar had his education in Aceh.

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Kingdom Dharmasraya

Melayu Kingdom is expected to become the first kingdom established by the Minangkabau. Some historians say that the word itself means Minangkabau two rivers, referring to a kingdom that stands between two rivers, namely Malays kingdom located on the banks of the river Batang Hari. Based Inscription Kedukan Hill, the kingdom was destroyed by the troops of Srivijaya in the year 683.

From the ruins of this kingdom, the kingdom stood Dharmasraya its capital in the District Dharmasraya today. Pamalayu expedition in 1275 under the leadership of Anabrang Kebo Singasari Kingdom, with two daughters namely Minangkabau Dara Petak and Dara Orange.

Both daughters are married to the heir to the kingdom Singasari. Dara Petak married to Raden Wijaya, while Dara Orange with Adwaya Brahman. From both partners was born Jayanagara, who became the second king of Majapahit and the King Adityawarman who became king Pagarruyung.

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Monday, November 9, 2009

Minangkabau History (I)

From the time of prehistory to the arrival of Westerners, the history of West Sumatra can be said is identical with the history of Minangkabau. Although the Mentawai allegedly existed at the time, but the evidence of their existence is still very little.

Early Prehistory

Archaeological evidence found at the top can give an indication that the areas around the District Fifty-City is the area or region of the first Minangkabau ancestors inhabited by people of West Sumatra. This interpretation seemed reasonable, because of the luhak Fifty It flows a large river that eventually empties into the east coast of the island of Sumatra. These rivers is navigable, and it became an important means of transportation from ancient times until the end of the last century.

Ancestors of the Minangkabau people allegedly came through this route. They sailed from mainland Asia (Indochina) across the South China Sea, crossing the Strait of Malacca and then navigate the river Kampar, Siak River, and River Inderagiri (or Kuantan). Some of them live and develop their culture and civilization around the 50th District City now.

Mixing with the newcomers in the next period causes the level of their culture to be changed and their number was increased. The location of their settlements became increasingly narrow and eventually they spread to various parts of West Sumatra others. Some went to the Agam regency, and partly to the Tanah Datar now. From here spread further developed, there are up to the north of Agam, especially to the Lubuk Sikaping, Rao, and Ophir. Many of them spread to the west, especially the coastal areas and not a few others spread to the south, to the Solok, Selayo, around estuary, and surrounding areas Sijunjung.

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